Issac+Newton+(Gem)


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English scientist, astronomer, and mathematician Born in 1642 - Died in 1727
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﻿Childhood
Isaac Newton was born in 1642 in a manor house in Lincolnshire, England. His father had died two months before his birth. When Isaac was three his mother remarried, and Isaac remained with his grandmother. When Sir Isaac Newton was a boy, was more interested in making mechanical devices than in studying. He made a windmill which could grind wheat and corn, and he made a water clock and a sundial. His teachers thought of him as a poor student. He wanted to attend college, but he didn't have the money to do so. So he enrolled in the lowest entry. In this position he had to run errands for the other students. Eventually he finally got into Cambridge University.

Isaac was born just a short time after the death of Galileo Galilei, one of the greatest scientists of all time. Galileo had proved that the planets revolve around the sun, not the earth as people thought at the time. Isaac Newton was very interested in the discoveries of Galileo and other great scientists. Isaac thought  the universe worked like a machine and that a few simple laws governed it. Like Galileo, he realized that mathematics was the way to explain and prove those laws. Isaac Newton was one of the world's greatest scientists because he took his ideas, and the ideas of earlier scientists, and combined them into a unified picture of how the universe works.

**Discoveries**

When most people think of Isaac Newton, they think of him sitting under an apple tree observing an apple fall to the ground. When he saw the apple fall he began to think about a specific kind of motion- gravity. Newton understood that gravity was the force of attraction between two objects. He also understood that an object with more matter exerted the greater force, or pulled smaller objects toward it. That meant that the large mass of the earth pulled objects toward it. That is why the apple fell down instead of up, and why people don't float in the air.He calculated the force needed to hold the Moon in its orbit, as compared with the force pulling an object to the ground. He also calculated the centripetal force needed to hold a stone in a sling, and the relation between the length of a pendulum and the time of its swing. He was studying planetary motion while investigating more of the forces.

Isaac Newton explained the workings of the universe through mathematics. He formulated laws of motion and gravitation. These laws are math formulas that explain how objects move when a force acts on them. Isaac published his most famous book, Principia, in 1687 while he was a mathematics professor at Trinity College, Cambridge. In the Principia book Isaac explained three basic laws that govern the way objects move. He then described his idea, or theory, about gravity. Gravity is the force that causes things to fall down. If a pencil falls of a desk, it will land on the floor, not the ceiling. In his book Isaac also used his laws to show that the planes revolve around the suns in orbits that are oval, not round.

**Laws** Isaac Newton used three laws to explain the way objects move. They are often called Newton's Law. The First Law states that an object that is not being pushed or pulled by some force will stay still or will keep moving in a straight line at a steady speed. It is easy to understand that a car will not move unless something pushes or pulls it. It is harder to understand that an object will continue to move without help. Think of a car. If someone is driving the car and jumps off before the car brakes what happens? The car just keeps driving on until it slows down or hits someone or something and then eventually blows up. The tendency of an object to remain still or keep moving in a straight line at a steady speed is called inertia.

 The Second Law explains how a force reacts on an object. An object accelerates in the direction the force is moving it. If someone gets on a car and pushes the pedal forward the car will begin to move in a way. If someone gives the car a push the car would speed up. If the driver pushes the brakes on the car the car will slow down. If the driver turns the steering wheel the car will change direction.

The Third Law states for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction, that if an object is pushed or pulled, it will push or pull equally in the opposite direction. If someone lifts a heavy box they use force to push it up. The box is heavy because it is producing an equal force downward on the lifter's arms. The weight is transferred through the lifter's legs to the floor. The floor presses upward with an equal force. If the floor is pushed back with less force the person lifting the box would fall through the floor. If it is pushed back with more force the lifter would fly in the air.

I think that Isaac Newton is the biggest change maker because he has made a lot of great discoveries and he is a smart person. He has discovered everything about our universe and how the universe works. His work has made us realize what gravity is. Without gravity we would all be floating in the air. Without gravity we wouldn't be able to eat because all of our food and everything on earth would go straight up into outer space. Now that we know what gravity is we can measure the right formula to make a plane fly. With the 3 laws of motion it has made us think what do we do when we are firing up a rocket to go to outer space. We need speed and tendency to make something move and we need force. We have all used the 3 laws of motion. But we never knew what it meant and how we use it to invent things. Now that he has studied and concluded how we use gravity and the three laws of motion our world has become more organized and it has become a better place.

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